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Research shows that brain damage can have serious long- and short-term effects on a person’s memory and overall function of life. Football has the most recorded concussion injuries of any other sport. What has yet to be examined is the relationship between playing football and working memory recall when there is no concussion. This study looked at 56 college football players and 28 non-football players to examine the effect concussions have on a person's working memory. This study found a significant interaction between group type (football player or non-football player) and concussion status (history of concussion or no history of concussion) with respect to working memory performance. Specifically, non-football players with no concussions earned the highest working memory test scores, followed by non-football players with concussions, then by football players with concussions, and finally football players with no concussions. Possible reasons for these findings are discussed. Further research is needed to understand why these outcomes occurred.
Keywords: concussions, football, working memory, brain damage
When confronted with a film that is “weird” or hard to understand, it is common to try and force it to make sense logically. Filmmakers like David Lynch have trained many moviegoers to embrace this kind of Lynchian model of analysis. However, this model is helpless in the face of films that do not embrace this western sense of rationality such as Uncle Boonmee Who Can Recall His Past Lives. This paper explains the Lynchian model and then applies it to Lynch’s Mulholland Drive and Uncle Boonmee in order to highlight the fallacy of trying to force eastern films into western thought paradigms.
Keywords: Film, Lynch, Weerasethakul, Boonmee, Mulholland
This paper explores the works of art throughout the Dada art period from three specific artists; Marcel Duchamp, Francis Picabia, and Baroness Elsa Von Freytag-Loringhoven. It delves deep into the making of the pieces and the influences behind them. The pieces are analyzed through the lens of gender and gender bias that is caused by the changing of societal roles during World War One. Those roles touching on topics such as women entering the work force and the evolution and devolution of the typical masculine role throughout history. The paper is brought together to explore how these societal changes influenced works of art through this specific artistic period.
Keywords: Art, History, Dada, Loringhoven, WWI
A relationship between mortality salience and stereotypical thinking was examined in this research under the hypothesis proposed by terror management theory. This theory proposes that humans defend ourselves against our inevitable death by investing in cultural worldviews. Our study asked people mortality salience questions (designed to elicit death reminders) or control questions and then measured participants’ level of stereotyping. In the study, 133 participants took a stereotypical thinking assessment that measured how stereotypical they were when presented with crime description. The results of the study showed trends toward significance. When exposed to mortality salience, participants were more likely to have stereotypical tendencies than those who were presented with the control questions. In addition, Native American participants showed significant stereotype threat. Together, these findings suggest that priming individuals with mortality salience leads them to have higher stereotypical tendencies, especially if they are part of a minority group.
Keywords: terror management theory, mortality salience, stereotypes, racial bias, self-esteem
Education has been a popular topic within recent years, which often includes the powerful and positive effects it can have a person’s life. However, education is rarely discussed as a hierarchal discourse of power; people are assumed to have had equal upbringings in life, unaffected by race, gender, disability, family background, and so on. Additionally, it is considered taboo to question the education system both inside the classroom and outside of it, such as media, socializing, etc. This paper will include a discussion of racism with a dual-focus: an academic perception of what is “educational” while also blending real-life experiences of racism. My paper will also include works from various news outlets with a key focus on renowned theorist and educator Paulo Freire, author of Pedagogy of the Oppressed.
Keywords: Race, Racism, Education, Paulo Freire, Pedagogy of the Oppressed
The San Luis Valley (SLV) in south-central Colorado has a high water table and contains many wetlands. This research focused on using pollen to reconstruct the paleoenvironments of two wetlands on the Monte Vista National Wildlife Refuge (MVNWR) in the SLV. Paleo-wetland and modern wetland samples were analyzed for radiocarbon age and paleoenvironmental conditions. Loss on Ignition results show significant changes in organic matter in samples aging 11,390 ± 30 14C to present, suggesting climate changes from warm-dry to cold-wet during the Younger Dryas, then warm-dry in the early Holocene, and finally a modern strengthening of a warm-dry climate. Picea, Abies, and Sarcobatus results reflect these patterns, as do changes in species composition from Abies to Pinus, which suggests treeline ascension, typical of a warming climate. These data suggest that warmer conditions in the SLV result in drier conditions, which have implications for future freshwater availability and the agricultural and recreational economy in the SLV.
Keywords: pollen, peat, wetlands, climate, paleoenvironments
Utilizing Hegelian thought, this essay considers the implications of conceptually compartmentalizing the public and private life of individuals. Inspired by relational concepts of personhood in feminist philosophy and the Private is Political movement, I revisit Hegel's understandings of personhood and the State in the Elements of the Philosophy of Right. Using
Hegel's syllogistic framework, I call attention to the arbitrary division between the private and public life that is maintained in standard models of citizenship. Through the Citizenship Problem and Yeatman’s Formulation, I extract three characteristics of an ideal model of citizenship. Through further implementation of Hegel’s syllogistic structure, I argue that personhood and citizenship are structurally symmetric; therefore, these spheres of social life can be successfully integrated into a coherent concept of selfhood. I synthesize these notions into a syllogism of self- as-citizen, thereby developing a coherent notion of personhood that acknowledges the integration of all spheres of social life.
Keywords: autonomy, citizenship, Hegel, feminist history of philosophy
The purpose of this study was to determine the needs and desires of students with disabilities after high school completion. Our specific study focused on students with disabilities of all ages at Northwestern High School; the participants were selected by case managers at the school. Data was collected through a questionnaire with closed-ended questions. The majority of students identified college as what they would like to do after high school; a large number also expressed wanting to move out of the Maple, Wisconsin, area. Money, job prospects, and transportation were identified as major concerns. The data collected will be useful to Northwestern High School and Superior Vocations Inc. in creating additional services and learning opportunities to fully prepare students for the lives they want to live after high school.
Keywords: Transition, Students, Disabilities